Guidelines for Endoscopic Spinal Surgery

Background Endoscopic spine surgery aims to reduce tissue trauma, prevent iatrogenic problems and preserve spinal segmental motion and stability. The most compelling advantages of endoscopic procedures over open surgery are: • Smaller incisions and less tissue trauma • Minimal blood loss • Earlier return to activities and work • Easier operative approach in obese patients • Local or regional anesthesia combined with conscious sedation can be used • In most cases, less postoperative pain medication is required • As a consequence, outpatient procedures are possible